Sense of nonsense on the guard of the mRNA quality
Abstract
The proper gene expression required precise and strictly controlled mechanisms, which allows to remove damaged and unnecessary transcripts. One of the most important quality control mechanism is Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD). The evolutionary conserved process prevents the production of potentially harmful proteins by eliminating aberrant mRNAs carrying premature translation termination codons (PTC). Extensive studies in yeast, C. elegans, flies and mammals established a whole set of additional NMD substrates, not only aberrant transcripts, but physiological mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, genes coding miRNA and snoRNA. It seems that the NMD process is related to development and response to different stresses. Moreover, recent studies regarding the identification of new protein factors involved in NMD mechanism show the wide complexity of this process.
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