The involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in the development and progression of neoplasm diseases

Abstract

Neoplasm diseases are one of the main causes of death in Poland and worldwide. Forming and progression of tumour are regulated by the number of factors, among which one of the most important are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), zinc-dependant proteases, responsible for remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM). They may induce cancer progression directly by modifying the ECM, enabling cancer growth and migrating of cells released from tumour, as well as invading adjacent tissue and blood or lymphatic vessels. MMPs may also induce carcinogenesis in indirect way by modifying tumour microenvironment and secreting factors promoting or inhibiting particular processes. There is number of factors secreted by cancer cells, stromal components and ECM elements regulating activation and functionality of matrix metalloproteinases. Understanding the mechanisms and pathways underlying regulation and activation of MMPs is crucial for comprehension of carcinogenesis and metastasis, and may contribute to developing of new therapeutic strategies.