Post-translacyjne i post-transkrypcyjne mechanizmy regulacji aktywności hydroksylazy tyrozynowej w ośrodkowym układzie nerwowym-wpływ wysiłku fizycznego

Iwona Przybylska; Damian Kania; Piotr Tymosiewicz; Józef  Langfort; Małgorzata  Chalimoniuk

doi:10.18388/pb.2021_388

Authors

Iwona Przybylska AWF J. Piłsudskiego w Warszawie
Damian Kania Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
Piotr Tymosiewicz Deparment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 2 Akademicka st., 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland.
Józef Langfort Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-5100
Małgorzata Chalimoniuk Deparment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 2 Akademicka st., 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-8626

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18388/pb.2021_388

Abstract

Numerous studies indicate that dopamine (DA) is an important regulator of motor, psychological and cognitive functions. Maintaining the appropriate concentration of DA is a condition for the proper functioning of these functions. Tyrosine hydroxylase is involved in the control of DA synthesis. The aim of this study is to discuss the regulation of TH activity with the participation of three main mechanisms: 1) post-translational immediate regulation by phosphorylation of various sites in the enzyme molecule and 2) post-transcriptional with the participation of transcription factors and specific miRNAs, and 3) a DA mediated feedback mechanism. Important factors which are directly or indirectly involved in these regulations of TH activity and DA concentration are BDNF, testosterone, alpha-synuclein and protein kinases.

A drastic reduction in DA levels in the extrapyramidal system causes drastic impairment of motor, psychological and cognitive functions. On the other hand, increased physical activity, in particular prolonged repetitive physical exercises by increasing the level of testosterone and BDNF in the blood, may activate signaling pathways dependent on them, increasing the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, and thus increase the level of dopamine in the extrapyramidal system.